![]() The high water absorption causes poor workability, significant slump loss and blockage of concrete pumping when the LWA is not adequately prewetted. ![]() 2010 Kockal and Ozturan 2011 Shuguang et al. The water absorption of coarse LWA, however, ranges from 10 to 20% depending on the type of raw material and producing method (González-Corrochano et al. For example, the water absorption of granite aggregates are generally 0.5% by mass. The water absorption of normal aggregates is generally restricted by less than 3% while the specific limit varies according to the standard in a specific region. Lightweight aggregates (LWA) are porous, which results in a higher water absorption compared to normal aggregates. Nevertheless, workability control of LWAC requires more attention to the details than ordinary concrete when it is applied in the field (Videla and López 2000). Its implementation is not different from the placement of ordinary concrete, and various guidelines dealing with LWAC are available in the literature: ACI 213R-14 (American Concrete Institute 2014) JASS 5 14 (Architectural Institute of Japan 2009) and KCS 14 20 20 (Korea Construction Specification 2016). Application of LWAC is therefore common these days (Walraven et al. More than a 20% decrease in self-weight of structural components, that is, a lower dead load, allows us to save construction materials for a designed structure. Lightweight aggregate concrete (LWAC) is beneficial to the design of structures and foundations.
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